 volumen of ghg emissions volumen of ghg emissions 113 admin mon 10142019 1843 amount of greenhouse gas ghg emissions from activities carried out by the initiative project the main gases to be considered are carbon dioxide co2 methane ch4 nitrous oxide n2o and hydrofluorocarbons hfcs among others the indicator informs about the effect of the initiative project on climate change through their ghg emissions by providing data of the current and prior reporting periods stakeholders can evaluate the evolution reduction or increase of emissions emissions can be computed using clear available guidelines additional quantitative greenhouse gas ghg  any of various gaseous compounds carbon dioxide for example that trap heat or longwave radiation in the atmosphere and contribute to the greenhouse effect initiative project management control systems calculate direct ghg emissions using relevant global warming potential gwp rates to translate the amount of emissions of a ghg into co2 equivalents considering the characteristics of research funding and performing initiatives projects it could be advisable to consider the change in emissions to demonstrate reduction rather than the absolute amount of ghg emissions following gri and the greenhouse gas protocol ghg emissions are measured according to three scopes direct scope 1 energy indirect scope 2 other indirect scope 3 emissions number in physical units output tons annually monthly annually difficulty in obtaining all the information necessary to calculate ghg emissions for research yes extract from novartis health safety and environment hse data 2018 available at  https wwwnovartiscom sites wwwnovartiscom files novartishsedata2018restatedpdf pollution 